The terminal stage of liver cirrhosis is characterized by severe and irreversible liver damage, which leads to severe liver failure and can be associated with numerous complications. Some characteristics of the terminal stage of liver cirrhosis include:
1 Portal hypertension: Portal hypertension occurs due to increased pressure in the portal vein, the main blood vessel supplying the liver. This leads to the development of collateral (bypass) vessels in the liver and other organs,
as well as the possibility of bleeding from varicose veins in the esophagus and stomach.
2 Ascites: In the terminal stage of liver cirrhosis, there is an expansion of the splenic vein and imbalance of fluid, leading to the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, known as ascites.
3 Hepatic encephalopathy: This condition occurs when liver damage leads to the accumulation of toxic substances in the body, which can impact brain function. This can cause changes in consciousness, memory,
поведении и координации движений.
4 Hepatorenal syndrome: In the terminal stage of liver cirrhosis, hepatorenal syndrome can occur,
where kidney function deteriorates,
which can lead to acute or chronic kidney failure.
5 Worsening of general condition: Patients with the terminal stage of liver cirrhosis often experience reduced energy,
fatigue,
weight loss, and overall weakness.
6 Increased risk of infections: The immune system of patients with liver cirrhosis is weakened,
which increases the risk of developing infections,
such as pneumonia and bacterial peritonitis.
Besides the mentioned characteristics,
the terminal stage of liver cirrhosis may also be accompanied by the following signs and complications:
1 Jaundice: Patients with terminal stage liver cirrhosis may have pronounced jaundice of the skin and sclera,
caused by impaired bilirubin metabolism.
2 Cachexia: The terminal stage of liver cirrhosis is often accompanied by a decreased appetite,
weight loss, and the development of cachexia (extreme wasting).
3 Portosystemic encephalopathy: This condition,
at which liver damage leads to impaired neuro-psychic function. Patients may experience mood changes,
drowsiness,
depression,
decreased memory and concentration.
4 Intra-abdominal infections: Due to ascites and portal hypertension, patients with terminal liver cirrhosis have an increased risk of developing abdominal infections,
such as peritonitis.
5 Hepatocellular carcinoma: Patients with liver cirrhosis have an increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma,
liver cancer.
In the terminal stage of liver cirrhosis, active cancerous disease may develop.
6 Systemic complications: The terminal stage of liver cirrhosis can be accompanied by dysfunctions of other organs and systems,
such as the heart,
kidneys,
lungs, and bone marrow.
1 Portal hypertension: Portal hypertension occurs due to increased pressure in the portal vein, the main blood vessel supplying the liver. This leads to the development of collateral (bypass) vessels in the liver and other organs,
as well as the possibility of bleeding from varicose veins in the esophagus and stomach.
2 Ascites: In the terminal stage of liver cirrhosis, there is an expansion of the splenic vein and imbalance of fluid, leading to the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, known as ascites.
3 Hepatic encephalopathy: This condition occurs when liver damage leads to the accumulation of toxic substances in the body, which can impact brain function. This can cause changes in consciousness, memory,
поведении и координации движений.
4 Hepatorenal syndrome: In the terminal stage of liver cirrhosis, hepatorenal syndrome can occur,
where kidney function deteriorates,
which can lead to acute or chronic kidney failure.
5 Worsening of general condition: Patients with the terminal stage of liver cirrhosis often experience reduced energy,
fatigue,
weight loss, and overall weakness.
6 Increased risk of infections: The immune system of patients with liver cirrhosis is weakened,
which increases the risk of developing infections,
such as pneumonia and bacterial peritonitis.
Besides the mentioned characteristics,
the terminal stage of liver cirrhosis may also be accompanied by the following signs and complications:
1 Jaundice: Patients with terminal stage liver cirrhosis may have pronounced jaundice of the skin and sclera,
caused by impaired bilirubin metabolism.
2 Cachexia: The terminal stage of liver cirrhosis is often accompanied by a decreased appetite,
weight loss, and the development of cachexia (extreme wasting).
3 Portosystemic encephalopathy: This condition,
at which liver damage leads to impaired neuro-psychic function. Patients may experience mood changes,
drowsiness,
depression,
decreased memory and concentration.
4 Intra-abdominal infections: Due to ascites and portal hypertension, patients with terminal liver cirrhosis have an increased risk of developing abdominal infections,
such as peritonitis.
5 Hepatocellular carcinoma: Patients with liver cirrhosis have an increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma,
liver cancer.
In the terminal stage of liver cirrhosis, active cancerous disease may develop.
6 Systemic complications: The terminal stage of liver cirrhosis can be accompanied by dysfunctions of other organs and systems,
such as the heart,
kidneys,
lungs, and bone marrow.
