Adnexitis is an inflammatory disease of the uterine appendages, which can be caused by various factors, including infections, surgical interventions, and hormonal imbalances. Symptoms of adnexitis may include lower abdominal pain, fever, discomfort during sexual intercourse, and menstrual cycle irregularities. In some cases, there may be discharge from the genital tract.

For the diagnosis of adnexitis, laboratory tests (blood and urine analysis) and ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs are usually conducted. To confirm the diagnosis, laparoscopy may be required—a surgical procedure in which an optical instrument is inserted through small incisions in the abdominal wall to examine the abdominal organs.

The treatment of adnexitis depends on its cause and may include antibiotics to combat infection, hormone therapy to normalize hormonal balance, and surgical intervention to remove affected tissues.

It is important to note that adnexitis can lead to serious complications, such as reproductive function disorders, urinary tract infections, and even infertility. Therefore, it is crucial to consult a doctor at the first signs of the disease and undergo timely treatment.

Prevention of adnexitis includes maintaining personal hygiene, using condoms during sexual intercourse, and timely treatment of genitourinary infections. It is also recommended to regularly undergo preventive examinations by a gynecologist to identify potential problems and treat them promptly.

An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms on the surface or inside an ovary. It can be single or multiple and can vary in size and content.

Symptoms of an ovarian cyst can vary and depend on its size and location. Some women may not notice any symptoms, while others may experience lower abdominal pain, increased breast tenderness, changes in the menstrual cycle, as well as urinary and bowel movement disturbances.

To diagnose an ovarian cyst, a pelvic ultrasound or MRI may be required. In some cases, laparoscopy, a surgical procedure to examine the abdominal organs, may be necessary.

Treatment for an ovarian cyst depends on its type and size, as well as any possible symptoms and the woman's desire to preserve reproductive function. Small and benign cysts usually do not require treatment and are simply monitored by a doctor. In the case of large cysts that cause severe symptoms or pose a health risk, surgical intervention may be needed to remove them.

It is important to note that ovarian cysts can be associated with certain risks, such as cyst torsion, rupture, or the development of cancer. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor at the first signs or changes in the body and to monitor one's health.

Prevention of ovarian cysts includes regular visits to a gynecologist, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and timely treatment of any diseases and infections of the genitourinary system.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition where multiple cysts form in the ovaries. It can be caused by a hormonal imbalance and is often accompanied by irregular menstrual cycles and reproductive issues.

Symptoms of PCOS may include menstrual irregularities, increased hair growth, acne, obesity, and difficulties with conception. Some women may also experience enlarged ovaries.

Diagnosing PCOS may require a pelvic ultrasound, hormone level tests, and other examinations.

Treatment for PCOS may involve lifestyle changes, hormonal medications, and other medical procedures. The goal of treatment is to normalize hormone balance and restore reproductive function.

It is important to note that PCOS can increase the risk of developing other conditions, such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to consult a doctor at the first signs and monitor your health.

Prevention of PCOS includes maintaining a healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition, physical activity, and timely treatment of any diseases and infections of the genitourinary system. It is also important to have regular check-ups with a gynecologist and monitor your hormone levels.

Malignant ovarian tumors are a condition in which tumors form in the ovaries that can be malignant (cancerous). They can occur in one or both ovaries. Symptoms of malignant ovarian tumors can be nonspecific and include lower abdominal pain, menstrual cycle irregularities, increased hair growth, weight changes, and others. However, these tumors often can be asymptomatic and are only detected during a gynecological examination.

To diagnose malignant ovarian tumors, a pelvic ultrasound, blood tests to determine tumor markers, and other studies may be required.

The treatment of malignant ovarian tumors depends on the type and stage of the tumor, as well as the age and overall health of the patient. It may include surgical removal of the tumor, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and other methods.

Malignant ovarian tumors can quickly spread and metastasize to other organs, so it is important to consult a doctor at the first signs and monitor your health.

Prevention of malignant ovarian tumors includes regular visits to a gynecologist for preventive examinations, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition, and quitting smoking. It is also important to consult a doctor for any changes in the body's functioning and undergo regular examinations for timely detection of diseases.